Translation of the Holy Quran can be difficult for translators in terms of accuracy and translatability. Sometimes translators fail to render the Quranic thoughts because of the lack of language features in target languages. This results in an unfavorable interpretation. One of the challenging aspects of translating Quran is reference switching as rhetorical devices, which are widespread i...

This paper proposes a new sliding mode control (SMC)  based model reference adaptive system (MRAS) for sensorless indirect field oriented control (IFOC) of a single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM). The operation of MRAS speed estimators dramatically depends on adaptation mechanism. Fixed-gain PI controller is conventionally used for this purpose which may fail to estimate the speed correctl...

Increasing interest is being shown in the use of microprocessor for protection, switching and data acquisition required in modern high voltage substations. One of the most difficult functions to fulfill is that of transmission line distance protection employing samples of the voltage and current waveform taken from high voltage transducer equipment at the usual relaying point. This paper examin...

Two experiments examined perspective switching in comprehension and retrieval of spatial information. Participants read route or survey descriptions of environments line by line. Reading times were recorded. For half of the descriptions, the perspective of the last sentence was switched. True/false verification of sentences from both perspectives followed the descriptions. Switching perspective...

This paper presents a novel Fuzzy Multiple Reference Model Adaptive Controller (FMRMAC) for systems that are multi modal in nature and show scheduled ‘Jumps’ in their operation. The proposed scheme incorporates a fuzzy logic switching method in the Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) framework without any explicit identifier. The fuzzy switching scheme produces a ‘soft’ way of model generat...

Switching activity on I/O pins of a chip is a measurable contributor to the total energy consumption of the chip. In this work, we present an encoding mechanism that reduces switching activity of external address buses by combining an address reference caching mechanism with Unit Distance Redundant Codes (UDRC). UDRC are codes that guarantee a Hamming distance of at most one between any pair of...

Standard choice theory assumes choice to be independent of the point of reference. Based on a number of studies which challenge this assumption, Tversky and Kahneman have proposed a reference-dependent model which captures the in ̄uence of reference points on individual choice. If choice is reference-dependent, switching the reference point so that it is ®rst dominated by x and then by y increas...